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Research, white papers, reports, and presentations on data centers, energy, and modern infrastructure from around the world.

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Power & Energy Supply 8Cooling & Thermal 2Facility Design & Construction 2IT & AI Infrastructure 1Operations & Efficiency 1Market, Policy & Sustainability 5
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Academic PaperarXiv (preprint)25 December 2025Cooling & Thermal

Smart IoT-Based Leak Forecasting and Detection for Energy-Efficient Liquid Cooling in AI Data Centers

This study presents a proof-of-concept coolant-leak monitoring system for direct-to-chip liquid cooling in GPU-focused data centers. Its architecture combines an LSTM model for probabilistic forecasting of time to leak with a Random Forest model for rapid detection of leaks that have already occurred, using MQTT, InfluxDB, and Streamlit for data flow and visualization. The evaluation relies solely on synthetic data aligned with ASHRAE 2021, meaning that the reported performance and energy benefits require validation at live sites.

Data centersAI infrastructureLiquid coolingDirect-to-chip cooling
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White PaperASHRAEMay 2021Cooling & Thermal

Emergence and Expansion of Liquid Cooling in Mainstream Data Centers

An ASHRAE technical white paper on the factors accelerating the transition of data centers from predominantly air-based to liquid cooling. The document links rising CPU, GPU, FPGA, and memory power levels to the limitations of air-based systems in terms of airflow, temperature, noise, rack density, and personnel safety. It examines ASHRAE water classes, direct liquid cooling and immersion cooling, and the implications for PUE, TCO, power delivery, heat reuse, and deployment in enterprise, HPC, and colocation data centers.

Liquid coolingDirect Liquid CoolingImmersion coolingData center cooling
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